CoRoutine.hpp

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/*
    DiscordCoreAPI, A bot library for Discord, written in C++, and featuring explicit multithreading through the usage of custom, asynchronous C++ CoRoutines.
 
    Copyright 2021, 2022 Chris M. (RealTimeChris)
 
    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 
    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
    Lesser General Public License for more details.
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301
    USA
*/
/// CoRoutine.hpp - Header for the coroutine class.
/// Oct 23, 2021
/// https://discordcoreapi.com
/// \file CoRoutine.hpp
 
#pragma once
 
#include <discordcoreapi/FoundationEntities.hpp>
#include <discordcoreapi/ThreadPool.hpp>
 
namespace DiscordCoreAPI {
    /**
     * \addtogroup utilities
     * @{
     */
 
    /// \brief The current status of the associated CoRoutine.
    enum class CoRoutineStatus {
        Idle = 0,///< Idle.
        Running = 1,///< Running.
        Complete = 2,///< Complete.
        Cancelled = 3///< Cancelled.
    };
 
    /// \brief An error type for CoRoutines.
    struct DiscordCoreAPI_Dll CoRoutineError : public DCAException {
        explicit CoRoutineError(const std::string& message);
    };
 
    /// \brief A CoRoutine - representing a potentially asynchronous operation/function.
    /// \tparam RTy The type of parameter that is returned by the CoRoutine.
    template<typename RTy> class CoRoutine {
      public:
        class DiscordCoreAPI_Dll promise_type {
          public:
            template<typename RTy02> friend class CoRoutine;
 
            void requestStop() {
                this->areWeStoppedBool.store(true);
            }
 
            bool areWeStopped() {
                return this->areWeStoppedBool.load();
            }
 
            void return_value(RTy&& at) {
                this->result = std::move(at);
            }
 
            CoRoutine<RTy> get_return_object() {
                return CoRoutine<RTy>{ std::coroutine_handle<CoRoutine<RTy>::promise_type>::from_promise(*this) };
            }
 
            std::suspend_never initial_suspend() {
                return {};
            }
 
            std::suspend_always final_suspend() noexcept {
                if (this->areWeDone) {
                    this->areWeDone->store(true);
                }
                return {};
            }
 
            void unhandled_exception() {
                if (this->exceptionBuffer) {
                    this->exceptionBuffer->send(std::current_exception());
                }
            }
 
          protected:
            UnboundedMessageBlock<std::exception_ptr>* exceptionBuffer{ nullptr };
            std::atomic_bool areWeStoppedBool{};
            std::atomic_bool* areWeDone{ nullptr };
            RTy result{};
        };
 
        CoRoutine<RTy>& operator=(CoRoutine<RTy>&& other) noexcept {
            if (this != &other) {
                this->coroutineHandle = other.coroutineHandle;
                other.coroutineHandle = nullptr;
                this->coroutineHandle.promise().exceptionBuffer = &this->exceptionBuffer;
                this->coroutineHandle.promise().areWeDone = &this->areWeDone;
                this->currentStatus.store(other.currentStatus.load());
                other.currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Cancelled);
            }
            return *this;
        };
 
        CoRoutine(CoRoutine<RTy>&& other) noexcept {
            *this = std::move(other);
        }
 
        CoRoutine<RTy>& operator=(const CoRoutine<RTy>& other) = delete;
 
        CoRoutine(const CoRoutine<RTy>& other) = delete;
 
        CoRoutine<RTy>& operator=(std::coroutine_handle<CoRoutine<RTy>::promise_type> coroutineHandleNew) {
            this->coroutineHandle = coroutineHandleNew;
            this->coroutineHandle.promise().exceptionBuffer = &this->exceptionBuffer;
            this->coroutineHandle.promise().areWeDone = &this->areWeDone;
            return *this;
        }
 
        explicit CoRoutine(std::coroutine_handle<CoRoutine<RTy>::promise_type> coroutineHandleNew) {
            *this = coroutineHandleNew;
        };
 
        ~CoRoutine() {
            if (this && this->coroutineHandle) {
                this->coroutineHandle.promise().exceptionBuffer = nullptr;
                this->coroutineHandle.promise().areWeDone = nullptr;
                if (this->coroutineHandle.done()) {
                    this->coroutineHandle.destroy();
                }
            }
        }
 
        /// \brief Collects the status of the CoRoutine.
        /// \returns CoRoutineStatus The status of the CoRoutine.
        CoRoutineStatus getStatus() {
            if (!this->coroutineHandle) {
                this->currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Cancelled);
            } else if (this->coroutineHandle && !this->coroutineHandle.done()) {
                this->currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Running);
            } else if (this->coroutineHandle && this->coroutineHandle.done()) {
                this->currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Complete);
            }
            return this->currentStatus.load();
        }
 
        /// \brief Gets the resulting value of the CoRoutine.
        /// \returns RTy The return value of the CoRoutine.
        RTy get() {
            if (this && this->coroutineHandle) {
                while (!this->areWeDone.load()) {
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
                }
                this->currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Complete);
                std::exception_ptr exceptionPtr{};
                while (this->exceptionBuffer.tryReceive(exceptionPtr)) {
                    std::rethrow_exception(exceptionPtr);
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
                }
                this->result = std::move(this->coroutineHandle.promise().result);
                return this->result;
            } else {
                throw CoRoutineError("CoRoutine::get(), You called get() on a CoRoutine that is "
                                     "not in a valid state.");
            }
            return RTy{};
        }
 
        /// \brief Cancels the currently executing CoRoutine and returns the current result.
        /// \returns RTy The return value of the CoRoutine.
        RTy cancel() {
            if (this && this->coroutineHandle) {
                if (!this->coroutineHandle.done()) {
                    this->coroutineHandle.promise().requestStop();
                    while (!this->areWeDone.load()) {
                        std::this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
                    }
                }
                std::exception_ptr exceptionPtr{};
                this->currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Cancelled);
                while (this->exceptionBuffer.tryReceive(exceptionPtr)) {
                    std::rethrow_exception(exceptionPtr);
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
                }
                this->result = std::move(this->coroutineHandle.promise().result);
                return this->result;
            }
            return RTy{};
        }
 
      protected:
        std::coroutine_handle<CoRoutine<RTy>::promise_type> coroutineHandle{ nullptr };
        std::atomic<CoRoutineStatus> currentStatus{ CoRoutineStatus::Idle };
        UnboundedMessageBlock<std::exception_ptr> exceptionBuffer{};
        std::atomic_bool areWeDone{};
        RTy result{};
    };
 
    /// \brief A CoRoutine - representing a potentially asynchronous operation/function.
    /// \tparam void The type of parameter that is returned by the CoRoutine.
    template<> class CoRoutine<void> {
      public:
        class DiscordCoreAPI_Dll promise_type {
          public:
            template<typename RTy> friend class CoRoutine;
 
            void requestStop() {
                this->areWeStoppedBool.store(true);
            }
 
            bool areWeStopped() {
                return this->areWeStoppedBool.load();
            }
 
            void return_void() {
            }
 
            CoRoutine<void> get_return_object() {
                return CoRoutine<void>{ std::coroutine_handle<CoRoutine<void>::promise_type>::from_promise(*this) };
            }
 
            std::suspend_never initial_suspend() {
                return {};
            }
 
            std::suspend_always final_suspend() noexcept {
                if (this->areWeDone) {
                    this->areWeDone->store(true);
                }
                return {};
            }
 
            void unhandled_exception() {
                if (this->exceptionBuffer) {
                    this->exceptionBuffer->send(std::current_exception());
                }
            }
 
          protected:
            UnboundedMessageBlock<std::exception_ptr>* exceptionBuffer{ nullptr };
            std::atomic_bool areWeStoppedBool{};
            std::atomic_bool* areWeDone{ nullptr };
        };
 
        CoRoutine<void>& operator=(CoRoutine<void>&& other) noexcept {
            if (this != &other) {
                this->coroutineHandle = other.coroutineHandle;
                other.coroutineHandle = nullptr;
                this->coroutineHandle.promise().exceptionBuffer = &this->exceptionBuffer;
                this->coroutineHandle.promise().areWeDone = &this->areWeDone;
                this->currentStatus.store(other.currentStatus.load());
                other.currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Cancelled);
            }
            return *this;
        };
 
        CoRoutine(CoRoutine<void>&& other) noexcept {
            *this = std::move(other);
        }
 
        CoRoutine<void>& operator=(const CoRoutine<void>& other) = delete;
 
        CoRoutine(const CoRoutine<void>& other) = delete;
 
        CoRoutine<void>& operator=(std::coroutine_handle<CoRoutine<void>::promise_type> coroutineHandleNew) {
            this->coroutineHandle = coroutineHandleNew;
            this->coroutineHandle.promise().exceptionBuffer = &this->exceptionBuffer;
            this->coroutineHandle.promise().areWeDone = &this->areWeDone;
            return *this;
        }
 
        explicit CoRoutine(std::coroutine_handle<CoRoutine<void>::promise_type> coroutineHandleNew) {
            *this = coroutineHandleNew;
        };
 
        ~CoRoutine() {
            if (this && this->coroutineHandle) {
                this->coroutineHandle.promise().exceptionBuffer = nullptr;
                this->coroutineHandle.promise().areWeDone = nullptr;
                if (this->coroutineHandle.done()) {
                    this->coroutineHandle.destroy();
                }
            }
        }
 
        /// \brief Collects the status of the CoRoutine.
        /// \returns CoRoutineStatus The status of the CoRoutine.
        CoRoutineStatus getStatus() {
            if (!this->coroutineHandle) {
                this->currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Cancelled);
            } else if (this->coroutineHandle && !this->coroutineHandle.done()) {
                this->currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Running);
            } else if (this->coroutineHandle && this->coroutineHandle.done()) {
                this->currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Complete);
            }
            return this->currentStatus.load();
        }
 
        /// \brief Gets the resulting value of the CoRoutine.
        void get() {
            if (this && this->coroutineHandle) {
                while (!this->areWeDone.load()) {
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
                }
                this->currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Complete);
                std::exception_ptr exceptionPtr{};
                while (this->exceptionBuffer.tryReceive(exceptionPtr)) {
                    std::rethrow_exception(exceptionPtr);
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
                }
            } else {
                throw CoRoutineError("CoRoutine::get(), You called get() on a CoRoutine that is "
                                     "not in a valid state.");
            }
        }
 
        /// \brief Cancels the currently executing CoRoutine and returns the current result.
        void cancel() {
            if (this && this->coroutineHandle) {
                if (!this->coroutineHandle.done()) {
                    this->coroutineHandle.promise().requestStop();
                    while (!this->areWeDone.load()) {
                        std::this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
                    }
                }
                this->currentStatus.store(CoRoutineStatus::Cancelled);
                std::exception_ptr exceptionPtr{};
                while (this->exceptionBuffer.tryReceive(exceptionPtr)) {
                    std::rethrow_exception(exceptionPtr);
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
                }
            }
        }
 
      protected:
        std::coroutine_handle<CoRoutine<void>::promise_type> coroutineHandle{ nullptr };
        std::atomic<CoRoutineStatus> currentStatus{ CoRoutineStatus::Idle };
        UnboundedMessageBlock<std::exception_ptr> exceptionBuffer{};
        std::atomic_bool areWeDone{};
    };
 
    class DiscordCoreAPI_Dll NewThreadAwaiterBase {
      public:
        static DiscordCoreInternal::CoRoutineThreadPool threadPool;
    };
 
    /// \brief An awaitable that can be used to launch the CoRoutine onto a new thread - as well as return the handle for stoppping its execution.
    /// \tparam RTy The type of value returned by the containing CoRoutine.
    template<typename RTy> class NewThreadAwaiter : public NewThreadAwaiterBase {
      public:
        bool await_ready() const noexcept {
            return false;
        }
 
        void await_suspend(std::coroutine_handle<typename CoRoutine<RTy>::promise_type> coroHandleNew) noexcept {
            NewThreadAwaiterBase::threadPool.submitTask(coroHandleNew);
            this->coroHandle = coroHandleNew;
        }
 
        auto await_resume() noexcept {
            return this->coroHandle;
        }
 
      protected:
        std::coroutine_handle<typename CoRoutine<RTy>::promise_type> coroHandle{};
    };
 
    /**@}*/
};// namespace DiscordCoreAPI